The emphasis tended to focus on the 'Columbian Exchange', a phrase and concept taken from a book written in 1972 by social historian Alfred W. Crosby.

Columbian Exchange Upon the arrival of the Europeans to North America in 1492, there began a massive transformation in the global ecosystem resulting ... US History Companion: Columbian Exchange

Cacao (Source of Chocolate); Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum); ... | This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements | Site Map |; ... Forms of Biological Life Going From:

The Columbian Exchang ... The encounters between Europeans and non-European peoples had profound effects on both. For the peoples of the Americas, the introduction of European diseases was devastating.

Columbian Exchange: Triangular Trade ... Summary of Chart: Europe would go to Africa and exchange guns for slaves. African leaders welcomed this technology in trade for their people (for awhile).

Essays on American environmental history. ... Pleistocene Die-Off | The Columbian Exchange | Indian Removal | Buffalo Tales; Essay-Related Links

EDITOR'S NOTE: This entry was originally published as "The Columbian Exchange: Plants, Animals, and Disease between the Old and New Worlds" in the series "Nature Transformed:

The Columbian Exchange was the enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres that occurred after Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas. It was one...

3. What is the Columbian Exchange? (The trans-continental transfer of people, food, plants, animals, and pathogens); 4. Did Columbus's voyages add to or detract from human happiness...

The Columbian Exchange--the exchange of European products to the Americas and vice-versa--invites discussion and evokes controversy to this day. ... Within decades of Columbus' voyages,